OBI, VIVIAN CHIDIMMA (2026) PHYTOCHEMICAL, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Vernonia amygdalina LEAVES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli IN ENUGU STATE. Other thesis, GODFREY OKOYE UNIVERSITY, ENUGU STATE..
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Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) is a plant usually cultivated in East and West Africa. It is known to contain several antimicrobial substances such as flavonoids, steroid glycoside, tannins etc against various microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial properties, qualitative phytochemical profile, and quantitative proximate composition of Vernonia amygdalina. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina were tested against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to validate its medicinal and nutritional relevance. Fresh V. amygdalina leaves from Abakpa market, Enugu, were air dried, pulverized, and extracted via a 72hour cold maceration process using 95% ethanol and distilled water. Phytochemicals were screened using standard chemical tests, proximate composition was evaluated and antibacterial susceptibility metrics including Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were determined through agar well diffusion and macro broth tube dilution assays and analyzed by mean values and standard deviations. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and cardiac glycosides in the ethanolic matrix. Proximate analysis yielded total carbohydrates, 40.50%, crude protein 16.50%, crude fiber 12.30%, ash content 8.50%, crude fat 4.20%, and an air-dried moisture content of 18.00%. Agar well diffusion showed concentration dependent activity, with the ethanolic extract outperforming the aqueous extract, yielding maximum inhibition zones of 30 ± 1.15 mm against S. aureus at 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentrations, and 29.33 ± 1.15 mm against E. coli at 200 mg/mL. The aqueous extract yielded a much lower zone of inhibition, 20.33 ± 0.58mm at 200mg/ml for E. coli and 24.67 ± 0.58mm for S. aureus. Conversely, the aqueous extract failed to exhibit bactericidal capacity, acting strictly as a bacteriostatic agent against E.coli. These findings demonstrate that while both bitter leaf extracts possess definitive antibacterial activity, the ethanolic extract exhibits superior efficacy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QR Microbiology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Natural Sciences and Environmental Studies |
| Depositing User: | Nnenna Ayo |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 14:30 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 14:30 |
| URI: | http://eprints.gouni.edu.ng/id/eprint/6200 |
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