The Antiplasmodial Activities of Bufonidae (Toad) Venom Crude Extract on Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

Ayim, JO and Pam, VA and Uzoigwe, NR and Omalu, ICJ and Ombugadu, A and Ameh, SF and Anyebe, GE and Abe, EM and Tanko, NS and Ahmed, HO and Aimankhu, PO and Maikent, JI and Ayim, TP and Terna, AD and Okeke, P and Aliyu, AA and Ayuba, SO and Odey, SA and Adejoh, VA and Yina, GI and Dawam, N. N (2021) The Antiplasmodial Activities of Bufonidae (Toad) Venom Crude Extract on Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice. Open Access of Biogeneric Science and Research. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2692-1018

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Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most prevalent and ravaging infection across Africa especially in Nigeria. Malaria parasite success or proliferation in its host have been linked to the ability of the parasite to show resistance to diverse anti-malarial drugs, thereby leading to the utilization of natural products from animals and plants as a potential strategy for identifying novel antimalarial drugs. Thus, this study aimed at screening toad venom for its antiplasmodial potency in swiss albino mice. Toads were collected from July to August 2019. The acute oral toxicity and biochemical characterization of the toad venom was determined. The experimental mice was administered varying curative doses (130, 173 and 217 mg/kg) of the toad venom crude extract and standard drug once daily for 3 days. in-vivo antiplasmodial activity was evaluated by a curative test, after infecting the mice model with Plasmodium berghei. From the results obtained, parasitemia was highest in the control group while the group treated with Artemether-lumerfantrin (ACT) had the least parasitemia. Thus, the mean parasitemia in relation to the different treatments varied significantly (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the mean parasitemia in albino mice in relation to the highest dosage of toad venom versus ACT treatments showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean change in haemoglobin (Hb) and as well as pack cell volume (PCV) levels in albino mice after four days in relation to treatments with toad venom and ACT showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) whereas the red blood cell (RBC) level did not vary (P > 0.05). This study shows that the toad venom reduced the parasitemia in the group that was treated with 217 mg/kg toad venom which is thus comparable to the group treated with 8mg/ kg standard drug (ACT). Sequel to the potency demonstrated by toad venom against plasmodial activities, it is crucial to generate a reliable and economic bufo-genic therapeutic product, while being conscious of the protection of these species. The study recommends an affirmatory research in relation to the isolation and characterization of the active anti-plasmodial agents responsible for the curative activity observed and as well as consider species-specific active compounds.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Q Science > QL Zoology
Divisions: Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences
Depositing User: mrs chioma hannah
Date Deposited: 02 May 2023 07:46
Last Modified: 02 May 2023 08:45
URI: http://eprints.gouni.edu.ng/id/eprint/3992

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