Examining the Moderating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Perceived Job Insecurity and Psychological Well-being among Telecommunication Workers in Nigeria
Abstract
Work is essential because through working, individuals not only actualise their dream but fulfil their basic needs of life. Nonetheless, working also has a hidden threat (job uncertainty) that can unexpectedly attack and possibly impact negatively on the well-being of employees. Those hidden threats have become the attribute of most employees in a volatile business environment. This study therefore tested the relationship between perceived job insecurity and psychological well-being. It also tested the moderating role of mindfulness in this relationship. Specifically, it was predicted that perception of high job insecurity will be significantly and negatively related to employees’ psychological well-being among low mindfulness individuals but not for high individuals. The predictions were tested using survey data from telecommunication workers (N 161) sampled from the four major telecommunication companies doing business in the south east, Nigeria. Multiple hierarchical moderated regression analyses revealed that perceived high job insecurity was significantly and negatively related to psychological well-being. The analyses also supported the hypothesised moderating role of mindfulness in the negative relationship between perceived high job insecurity and psychological well-being in such a way that when mindfulness is high the negative relationship between perceived high job insecurity and psychological well-being became weaker than when mindfulness is low. The study’s implications for intervention programmes in the organisations were discussed; limitations were highlighted while suggestions for future research were made.References
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Anonymous (2016). Review of 30 years of longitudinal studies on the association between job insecurity and health and well-being. Is there causal evidence? Australian Psychologist.
Arther, W., Bell, S. T., Villado, A. J., & Doverspike, D. (2006). The issue of person organization
fit in employment decision making: An assessment of its criterion related validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 786–801.
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Bellinger, D. B., DeCaro, M. S., & Ralston, P. A. S. (2015). Mindfulness, anxiety, and high-stakes mathematics performance in the laboratory and classroom. Consciousness and Cognition, 37, 123-132.
Bowlin, S. L., & Baer, R. A. (2012). Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 411–415.
Brannick, M. T., Chan, D., Conway, J. M., Lane, C. E., & Spector, P. E. (2010). What is method variance and how can we cope with it? A panel discussion. Organization Research Methods, 13, 407–420.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 303-322.
Chang, H., Chi, N., & Chuang, A. (2010). Exploring the moderating roles of perceived person–job fit and person–organization fit on the relationship between training investment and knowledge workers’ turnover intentions. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(4), 566–593.
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Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serreti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464.
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DeJoy, D. M., & Wilson, M. G. (2003). Organizational health promotion: Broadening the horizon of workplace health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 17, 337–341.
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Germer, C. (2004). What is mindfulness? Insight Journal, 22, 23-29.
Grawitch, M. J., Gottschalk, M., & Munz, D. C. (2006). The path to a healthy workplace. A critical review linking healthy workplace practices, employee well-being, and organizational improvements. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 58, 129–147.
Greenhalgh, L. & Rosenblatt, Z. (2010). Evolution of research on job insecurity. International Studies of Management and Organization, 40(1), 6–19.
Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 3, 438-448.
Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: Linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 465–477.
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Heaney, C., Israel, B., & House, J. (1994). Chronic job insecurity among automobile workers: Effects on job satisfaction and health. Social Science and Medicine, 38(10), 1431–14.
Hellgren J, Sverke M, & Isaksson K. (1999). A two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: consequences for employee attitudes and well-being. European Journal Work Organization Psychology, 8, 179–95.
Hellgren, J., & Sverke, M. (2003). Does job insecurity lead to impaired well-being or vice versa? Estimation of cross-lagged effects using latent variable modelling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 215–236.
Hodgins, H. S., & Knee, C. R. (2002). The integrating self and conscious experience. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 87–100). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., Kiyonaga, A., Wong, L., & Gelfand, L. (2010). Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience in a military cohort. Emotion, 10(1), 54–64.
Kang, Y., Gruber, J., & Gray, J. R. (2013). Mindfulness and de-automatization. Emotion Review, 5, 192–201.
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fit in employment decision making: An assessment of its criterion related validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 786–801.
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Bowlin, S. L., & Baer, R. A. (2012). Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 411–415.
Brannick, M. T., Chan, D., Conway, J. M., Lane, C. E., & Spector, P. E. (2010). What is method variance and how can we cope with it? A panel discussion. Organization Research Methods, 13, 407–420.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848.
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 303-322.
Chang, H., Chi, N., & Chuang, A. (2010). Exploring the moderating roles of perceived person–job fit and person–organization fit on the relationship between training investment and knowledge workers’ turnover intentions. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(4), 566–593.
Chen, K. W., Berger, C. C., Manheimer, E., Forde, D., Magidson, J., Dachman, L., et al. (2012). Meditative therapies for reducing anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 545–562.
Cheng, Y., Chen, C. W., Chen, C. J., & Chiang, T. L. (2005). Job insecurity and its association with health among employees in the Taiwanese general population. Social Science and Medicine, 61(1), 41–52.
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serreti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464.
Ciesla, J. A., Reilly, L. C., Dickson, K. S., Emanuel, A. S., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012). Dispositional mindfulness moderates the effects of stress among adolescents: Rumination as a mediator. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(6), 760–770.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
De Witte, H. (1999). Job insecurity and psychological well-being: Review of the literature and exploration of some unresolved issues. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 155–177.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–80). New York: Academic.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14–23.
DeJoy, D. M., & Wilson, M. G. (2003). Organizational health promotion: Broadening the horizon of workplace health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 17, 337–341.
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Pavot, W. (1991). Happiness is the frequency, not the intensity of positive versus negative affect. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 119–140). New York, NY: Pergamon.
European Union (2013). Occupational health concerns: Stress related and psychological problems associated with work. Brussels: Directorate-General for Internal Policies.
Germer, C. (2004). What is mindfulness? Insight Journal, 22, 23-29.
Grawitch, M. J., Gottschalk, M., & Munz, D. C. (2006). The path to a healthy workplace. A critical review linking healthy workplace practices, employee well-being, and organizational improvements. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 58, 129–147.
Greenhalgh, L. & Rosenblatt, Z. (2010). Evolution of research on job insecurity. International Studies of Management and Organization, 40(1), 6–19.
Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 3, 438-448.
Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: Linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 465–477.
Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different fits satisfy different needs: Linking person-environment fit to employee commitment and performance using self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 465–477.
Hanh, T. N. (1976). Miracle of mindfulness. Boston: Beacon.
Hartley, J., Jacobson, D., Klandermans, B., & Van Vuuren, T. (1991). Job insecurity: Coping with jobs at risk. London: Sage.
Heaney, C., Israel, B., & House, J. (1994). Chronic job insecurity among automobile workers: Effects on job satisfaction and health. Social Science and Medicine, 38(10), 1431–14.
Hellgren J, Sverke M, & Isaksson K. (1999). A two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: consequences for employee attitudes and well-being. European Journal Work Organization Psychology, 8, 179–95.
Hellgren, J., & Sverke, M. (2003). Does job insecurity lead to impaired well-being or vice versa? Estimation of cross-lagged effects using latent variable modelling. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 215–236.
Hodgins, H. S., & Knee, C. R. (2002). The integrating self and conscious experience. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 87–100). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., Kiyonaga, A., Wong, L., & Gelfand, L. (2010). Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience in a military cohort. Emotion, 10(1), 54–64.
Kang, Y., Gruber, J., & Gray, J. R. (2013). Mindfulness and de-automatization. Emotion Review, 5, 192–201.
Kiken, L. G., & Shook, N. J. (2011). Looking up: Mindfulness increases positive judgments and reduces negativity bias. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 425–431.
Kinnunen, U., Mauno, S., Natti, J., & Happonen, M. (2000). Organizational antecedents and outcomes of job insecurity: A longitudinal study in three organizations in Finland. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 443–459.
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person-organisation fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1–49.
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281–342.
Kumar, S., Feldman, G., & Hayes, A. (2008). Changes in mindfulness end emotion regulation in an exposure based cognitive therapy or depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 734–744.
Laschinger, H. K. S., & Leiter, M. P. (2006). The impact of nursing work environments on patient safety outcomes: The mediating role of burnout/engagement. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 36(5), 259-267.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing.
Lu, C., Wang, H., Lu, J., Du, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Does work engagement increase person–job fit? The role of job crafting and job insecurity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 142–152.
Lübke, C., & Erlinghafen, M. (2014). Self-perceived job insecurity across Europe over time: Does changing context matter? Journal of European Social Policy, 24, 319–336.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 77, 11–37.
Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological Science, 24(5), 776–781.
Nyklíček, I., & Kuijpers, K. F. (2008). Effects of mindfulness-based Stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: Is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35,331-340.
Okogbule, N. (2007). Regulation of money laundering in Africa: The Nigerian and Zambian
approaches. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10(4), 449-463.
Okonjo-Iweala, N., & Osafo-Kwaako, P. (2007). Nigeria’s economic reforms: Progress and challenges. Brooklyn Global Economy and Development.
Olivier, A. L., & Rothmann, S. (2007). Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33, 49–56.
Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ of employee well-being: a new model. Social Indicators Research, 90, 441–458.
Piet, J., Würtzen, H., & Zachariae, R. (2012). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 1007-1020.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.
Probst, T. M. (2008). Job insecurity. In C. L. Cooper & J. Barling (Eds.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 178-195). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Quinlan, M., Mayhew, C., & Bohle, P. (2001). The global expansion of precarious employment, work disorganization, and consequences for occupational health: A review of recent research. International Journal of Health Services, 31(2), 335-414.
Resick, C. J., Baltes, B. B., & Shantz, C. W. (2007). Person-organisation fit and work-related attitudes and decisions: examining interactive effects with job fit and conscientiousness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1446–1455.
Richard M. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54–67.
Roth, B., & Robbins, D. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in health-related quality of life: Findings from a Bilingual inner-city patient population. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 113-123.
Rothmann, S., & Hamukang’andu, L. (2013). Callings, work role fit, psychological meaningfulness and work engagement among teachers in Zambia. South African Journal of Education, 33(2)1 Art. #699, 16 pages, http://www.sajournalofeducation.co.za
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Published
2017-02-16
How to Cite
UGWU, Fabian O; ASOGWA, Festus.
Examining the Moderating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Perceived Job Insecurity and Psychological Well-being among Telecommunication Workers in Nigeria.
GOUNI Journal of Management and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 72-88, feb. 2017.
ISSN 2550-7265. Available at: <http://journal.gouni.edu.ng/index.php/fmss/article/view/38>. Date accessed: 06 may 2018.
Issue
Section
Articles
Keywords
Mindfulness; job insecurity; psychological well-being; telecommunication workers
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