Substance Use Aftercare Services in Nigeria: Proposing Oxford House Model
Abstract
The most commonly used drugs in Nigeria are cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, heroin, and cocaine. Other drugs of abuse are volatile substances, cigarettes and alcohol. Regarding alcohol consumption, in Lagos, alcohol was the most used licit substances in most communities in 32 Lagos communities, with the exception of Shitta community in Surulere, where illicit drugs such as cannabis is more commonly used. In the southsouth and southeast areas, ogogoro, a locally brewed gin is the most commonly abused form of alcohol. Despite the high prevalence rates of substance abuse disorders (SUDs) in Nigeria, there is a lack of effective treatment and recovery programmes for SUDs. Stigmatization, lack of professionals and treatment settings, lack of social support and supportive settings, and the formative nature of SUD treatment and recovery medicine in Nigeria form complex barriers for people with substance abuse problems. A self-governed recovery home, Oxford House, might be a good alternative for ensuring sobriety among persons who use substances.References
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Njoku, M. G. C., Jason, L. A., & Torres-Harding, S. R. (2007). The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Nigeria. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(3), 461-474.
Onifade, P. O., Somoye, E. B., Ogunwobi, O. O., Ogunwale, A., Akinhanmi, A. O., & Adamson, T. a. (2011). A descriptive survey of types, spread and characteristics of substance abuse treatment centers in Nigeria. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 6, 25. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-6-25
Oxford House Inc. (2011). Oxford House Manual: An Idea Based On a Sound System For Recovering Alcoholics and Drug Addicts to Help Themselves Silver Spring, MA: Oxford House World Services, Inc.
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Robertson, E. B., & Donnermeyer, J. F. (1997). Illegal Drug Use among Rural Adults: Mental Health Consequences and Treatment Utilization. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 23(3), 467-484. doi: 10.3109/00952999709016890
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United Nations International Drug Control Programme Nigeria (1999). United Nations
International Drug Control Programme Nigeria . Rappid Asessement of 273 Some Secondary School Students in Lagos State For Drug Abuse. Information Series. P. Emafo, O., United Nations International Drug Control Programme, Nigeria
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Walt, L.C., Kinoti, E., & Jason, L.A. (2013). Industrialization stresses, alcohol abuse & substance dependence: Differential gender effects in a Kenyan rural farming community. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 11, 369-380. PMCID: PMC3902782
Adelekan, M. L. (1998). Substance use, HIV infection and the harm reduction approach in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Drug Policy, 9, 315-323. doi: 10.1016/S0955-3959(98)00042-5
Adelekan, M., L. & Morakinyo, O. (2000). A Rappid Asessement of Treatment and Rehabilitattion Facilities for Drug dependent Persons in Nigeria. Information Series. In A. Odejide, O., United nations International Drug Control Programme Nigeria
Ani, S. (April, 2014). Women declare war on ogogoro. The Sun. Retrieved from http://sunnewsonline.com/new/women-declare-war-on-ogogoro/
Callahan, S., Jason, L.A., Robinson, W. (2015). Reducing economic disparities in female offenders: The Oxford House model. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 34, 292-302.
Carey, K., Kinney, J., Eckman, M., Nassar, A., & Mehta, K. (2015). Chang’aa Culture and Process: Detecting Contamination in a Killer Brew. Procedia Engineering, 107, 395-402. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.097
Ebirim, I. C., & Morakinyo, O. M. (2011). Prevalence and perceived health effect of alcohol use among male undergraduate students in Owerri, Southeast Nigeria: A descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 11,118. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-118.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). GPower 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
Fortney, J., & Booth, B. M. (2001). Access to substance abuse services in rural areas Alcoholism (pp. 177-197): Springer.
Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 2-18. doi: 10.1037/a0024338
Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Country Report 2012. (2012). Retrieved from www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pages/download/157.
Harvey, R., & Jason, L. (2011). Contrasting social climates of small peer-run versus a larger staff-run substance abuse recovery setting. American Journal of Community Psychology, 48(3/4), 365-372. doi: 10.1007/s10464-011-9432-3
Jason, L. A., Ferrari, J. R., Smith, B., Marsh, P., Dvorchak, P. A., Groessl, E. J., Pechota, M. E.,Curtin, M., Bishop, P. D., Kot, E., & Bowden, B. S. (1997). An exploratory study of male recovering substance abusers living in a self-help, self-governed setting. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 24, 332-339.
Jason, L. A., Olson, B. D., Ferrari, J. R., Majer, J. M., Alvarez, J., & Stout, J. (2007). An examination of main and interactive effects of substance abuse recovery housing on multiple indicators of adjustment. Addiction, 102, 1114-1121. PMCID: PMC2976482
Jason, L. A., Olson, B. D., Ferrari, J. R., & Lo Sasso, A. T. (2006). Communal housing settings Enhance substance abuse recovery. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1727-1729. PMCID: PMC1586125
Jason, L. A., Olson, B. D., & Foli, K. (2008). Rescued lives: The Oxford House approach to substance abuse. New York, NY: Routledge.
Legler, R., & Jason, L. A. (2012). Formative evaluation of a community-based recovery home in Ghana, Africa. Annals of Research, 01. 113-123.
Lo Sasso, A.T., Byro, E., Jason, L.A., Ferrari, J.R., & Olson, B. (2012). Benefits and costs associated with mutual-help community-based recovery homes: The Oxford House model. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(1):47-53. PMCID: PMC3596872
Majer. J.M., Beers, K., & Jason, L.A. (2014). An examination of the first Oxford House in the UK: A preliminary investigation. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 21, 347-356. PMCID: PMC4215736
McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. A. (1989). Generalized linear models. (2nd ed.). New York: Chapman & Hall.
Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (2007). Protective resources and long-term recovery from alcohol use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(1), 46-54.
Promising Practices in Drug Treatment: Findings from Southeast Asia, 4, 89-109 (2005).
Promising Practices in Drug Treatment: Findings from Latin America, 4, 45-65 (2005).
National Drugs Law Enforcement Agency. (2009). Drug Facts. Retrieved from www.ndlea.gov.ng/v1/?q=content/what-drugs-are-commonly-abused
Nealon-Woods, M.A., Ferrari, J.R., & Jason, L.A. (1995). Twelve-step program use among Oxford House residents: Spirituality or social support in sobriety? Journal of Substance Abuse, 7, 311–318.
Nemes, S., Libretto, S., Skinstad, A. H., Garrett, G., & Hoffman, J. A. (2005). Promising Practices in Drug Treatment: Findings from Europe. Journal of Teaching in the Addictions, 4, 89-109. doi: 10.1300/J188v04n01_05
Njoku, M. G. C. (2014). Attributions and Implications of Interpretive Models of Mental Illness in Southeastern, Nigeria. Rivista di Psicologia Clinica, 2014 (1).
Njoku, M. G. C., Jason, L. A., & Torres-Harding, S. R. (2007). The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Nigeria. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(3), 461-474.
Onifade, P. O., Somoye, E. B., Ogunwobi, O. O., Ogunwale, A., Akinhanmi, A. O., & Adamson, T. a. (2011). A descriptive survey of types, spread and characteristics of substance abuse treatment centers in Nigeria. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 6, 25. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-6-25
Oxford House Inc. (2011). Oxford House Manual: An Idea Based On a Sound System For Recovering Alcoholics and Drug Addicts to Help Themselves Silver Spring, MA: Oxford House World Services, Inc.
Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods 2nd ed. United States of America: Sage Publications.
Raudenbush, S. W., Spybrooka, J., Bloomb, H., Congdonc, R., Hilld, C., Martineze, A., & Sabadash, A. (2011). Optimal Design Software for Multi-level and Longitudinal Research (Version 3.01 Available from www.wtgrantfoundation.org) [Software].
Robertson, E. B., & Donnermeyer, J. F. (1997). Illegal Drug Use among Rural Adults: Mental Health Consequences and Treatment Utilization. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 23(3), 467-484. doi: 10.3109/00952999709016890
Sannibale, C., Hurkett, P., van den Bossche, E., O'Connor, D., Zador, D., Capus, C., . . . McKenzie, M. (2003). Aftercare attendance and post-treatment functioning of severely substance dependent residential treatment clients. Drug and Alcohol Review, 22(2), 181-190. doi: 10.1080/09595230100100624
Schaefer, J. A., Cronkite, R. C., & Hu, K. U. (2011). Differential Relationships Between Continuity of Care Practices, Engagement in Continuing Care, and Abstinence Among Subgroups of Patients With Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders*. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(4), 611-621.
Tonkin, S. (June, 2015). Home-brewed gin kills 70 people in Nigeria: Health officials say local drink was found to contain large amounts of methanol. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3128777/Home-brewed-gin-kills-70-people-Nigeria-Health-officials-say-local-drink-contain-large-amounts-methanol.html
United Nations International Drug Control Programme Nigeria (1999). United Nations
International Drug Control Programme Nigeria . Rappid Asessement of 273 Some Secondary School Students in Lagos State For Drug Abuse. Information Series. P. Emafo, O., United Nations International Drug Control Programme, Nigeria
United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime. (2005). HIV and Drugs. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2005/volume_1_chap3.pdf
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Nigeria (2010). Nigeria Country profile. Drug Abuse, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Walt, L.C., Kinoti, E., & Jason, L.A. (2013). Industrialization stresses, alcohol abuse & substance dependence: Differential gender effects in a Kenyan rural farming community. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 11, 369-380. PMCID: PMC3902782
Published
2017-02-16
How to Cite
NJOKU, Mary Gloria C; HARVEY, Ronald; JASON, Leonard A.
Substance Use Aftercare Services in Nigeria: Proposing Oxford House Model.
GOUNI Journal of Management and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-10, feb. 2017.
ISSN 2550-7265. Available at: <http://journal.gouni.edu.ng/index.php/fmss/article/view/32>. Date accessed: 06 may 2018.
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Section
Articles
Keywords
Substance use; Aftercare services; Oxford House; Nigeria
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